Ho Tloha ho Mefokolo ea Fektheri ho ea Tšilafatsong ea Moea: Kamoo Li-Sensors tsa Khase li Sireletsang SE Asia

Asia Boroa-bochabela, e leng se seng sa libaka tse hōlang ka potlako moruong lefatšeng ka bophara, ho na le khōlo e potlakileng ea liindasteri, ho eketseha ha litoropo le keketseho ea baahi. Ts'ebetso ena e bakile tlhoko e potlakileng ea tlhahlobo ea boleng ba moea, tiisetso ea polokeho ea indasteri, le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Li-sensor tsa khase, joalo ka theknoloji ea bohlokoa ea ho lemoha, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali. Lintlha tse latelang ke libaka tse 'maloa tsa ts'ebeliso ea mantlha le linyeoe tse ikhethileng tsa theknoloji ena Asia Boroa-bochabela.

1. Tšireletseho ea Liindasteri le Taolo ea Ts'ebetso

Ena ke sebaka sa khale le sa bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa sa ts'ebeliso ea li-sensor tsa khase. Asia Boroa-bochabela ho na le palo e kholo ea limela tsa tlhahiso, lifeme tsa lik'hemik'hale, lihloekisi tsa oli le lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor.

• Maemo a Kopo:
  • Tlhokomelo ea ho Lutla ha Khase e Chesang le e Chefo: Limeleng tsa petrochemical, liteisheneng tsa khase ea tlhaho, le litsing tsa polokelo ea lik'hemik'hale, ho lekola nako ea sebele bakeng sa ho lutla ha likhase tse kang methane, propane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, le ammonia ho thibela mollo, ho phatloha le liketsahalo tsa chefo.
  • Tlhokomelo ea ho Kena ha Sebaka: Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nkehang tsa khase ho lekola maemo a oksijene, likhase tse tukang mollo, le likhase tse itseng tse chefo pele basebetsi ba kena libakeng tse koaletsoeng joalo ka likepe, litanka tsa likhoerekhoere le lithanele tse ka tlas'a lefatše ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi.
  • Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso le Taolo ea Boleng: Ho laola ka nepo bongata ba likhase tse ikhethileng (mohlala, carbon dioxide, oksijene) lits'ebetsong tse kang ho belisoa ha lijo le lino le tlhahiso ea semiconductor ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le katleho ea tlhahiso.
• Lithuto-kholo:
  • Setsi se Seholo sa ho Hloekisa Oli Vietnam se kentse marang-rang a li-sensor tsa khase tse tsitsitseng tse makholo ho pholletsa le setsi sa eona, tse hokahaneng le tsamaiso e bohareng ea taolo. Haeba khase ea hydrocarbon e bonoa, sistimi hang-hang e tsosa lialamo tse utloahalang le tse bonoang 'me e ka khona ho kenya tšebetsong sistimi ea moea kapa ea koala li-valve tse amehang, ho fokotsa likotsi tsa likotsi.
  • Jurong Island Chemical Park e Singapore, e leng setsi sa lik'hemik'hale se itlhommeng pele lefatšeng, se bona tšebeliso e pharalletseng ea li-sensor tse tsoetseng pele tsa Photoionization Detector (PID) ke lik'hamphani tsa eona ho bona ho lutla ha Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), e leng se nolofalletsang temoso ea pele le ho latela tikoloho.

2. Tlhokomelo ea Boleng ba Moea oa Litoropo le Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba

Litoropo tse ngata tse khōlō tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela, tse kang Jakarta, Bangkok le Manila, li tobane le mathata a sa khaotseng a tšilafalo ea moea a bakoang ke tšubuhlellano ea sephethephethe le mesi e tsoang liindastering. Matšoenyeho a sechaba ka libaka tse phefumolohang tse phetseng hantle a ntse a eketseha.

• Maemo a Kopo:
  • Urban Ambient Air Monitoring Stations: Liteishene tsa ho beha leihlo ka nepo tse phahameng tse thehiloeng ke mekhatlo ea mmuso ea tikoloho ho lekanya litšila tse tloaelehileng tse kang PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), le carbon monoxide (CO). Ba phatlalatsa Index ea Boleng ba Moea (AQI) ho tsebisa leano la sechaba.
  • Li-Micro-sensor Networks: Ho kenya li-node tsa sensor ea khase tse theko e tlaase, tse nang le compact micro gas metseng, ho pota-pota likolo, le lipetlele tse haufi le ho theha marang-rang a ho shebella a phahameng, ho fana ka lintlha tse ngata tsa granular, tsa nako ea sebele tsa boleng ba moea sebakeng seo.
  • Lisebelisoa tsa Botho tse nkehang habonolo: Batho ba sebelisa li-monitor tsa boleng ba moea tse aparoang kapa tse tšoaroang ka letsoho ho lekola maemo a tšilafalo tikolohong ea bona e haufi, ho etsa liqeto tsa ts'ireletso joalo ka ho roala limaske kapa ho fokotsa mesebetsi ea kantle.
• Lithuto-kholo:
  • Tsamaiso ea Bangkok Metropolitan naheng ea Thailand e sebelisane le litsi tsa lipatlisiso ho sebelisa li-sensor tse makholo tse thehiloeng ho IoT ho pholletsa le toropo. Li-sensor tsena li kenya datha marung ka nako ea nnete, li lumella baahi ho lekola boemo ba PM2.5 le ozone libakeng tsa bona tse ikhethileng ka sesebelisoa sa mehala, ho fana ka lintlha tse nchafalitsoeng khafetsa ho feta liteishene tsa setso.
  • Morero oa "Smart School" Jakarta, Indonesia, o kentse lisensara tsa carbon dioxide (CO₂) ka har'a litlelase. Ha maemo a CO₂ a phahama ka lebaka la ho lula teng, li-sensor ka botsona li etsa hore litsamaiso tsa moea li khatholle moea, li thusa ho ntlafatsa mahloriso le bophelo bo botle ba baithuti.

3. Temo le Boruo ba Liphoofolo

Temo ke motheo oa moruo linaheng tse ngata tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela. Tšebeliso ea li-sensor tsa khase e tsamaisa phetoho ea temo ea setso hore e be temo e nepahetseng le e bohlale.

• Maemo a Kopo:
  • Taolo ea Tikoloho ea Greenhouse: Ho beha leihlo maemo a CO₂ libakeng tse tsoetseng pele tsa limela le ho lokolla CO₂ e le "manyolo a khase" ho ntlafatsa li-photosynthesis, ho matlafatsa haholo chai le boleng ba meroho le lipalesa.
  • Polokeho ea Polokelo ea Lijo-thollo: Ho beha leihlo likhahla tsa carbon dioxide kapa phosphine ka har'a li-silo tse kholo. Ho phahama ho sa tloaelehang ha CO₂ ho ka bontša ho senyeha ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea likokoanyana kapa hlobo. Phosphine ke mosi o tloaelehileng, 'me mahloriso a eona a tlameha ho laoloa ka nepo bakeng sa taolo e sebetsang ea likokoanyana le polokeho ea ts'ebetso.
  • Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho ea Meruo: Ho tsoela pele ho beha leihlo maemo a likhase tse kotsi joalo ka ammonia (NH₃) le hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) ka har'a masaka a koetsoeng a likhoho le mehlape. Likhase tsena li ama bophelo ba liphoofolo, 'me li baka mafu le kholo e hlephileng. Li-sensor li ka susumetsa tsamaiso ea moea ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea ka tlung.
• Lithuto-kholo:
  • Smart Greenhouse Farm naheng ea Malaysia e sebelisa li-sensor tsa CO₂ tse thehiloeng ho theknoloji ea NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), hammoho le sistimi e ikemetseng ea taolo, ho boloka maemo a nepahetseng a CO₂ (mohlala, 800-1200 ppm) bakeng sa kholo ea semela, ho eketsa chai ea tamati ka hoo e ka bang 30%.
  • Polasi e Khōlō ea Likhoho Thailand e kentse marang-rang a sensor ea ammonia matlong a eona a likhoho. Ha likhakanyo tsa ammonia li feta moeli o behiloeng esale pele, li-fan le li-pad pad li sebetsa ka bohona, li fokotsa mafu a phefumolohang mohlapeng le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu.

4. Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho le Temoso ea Koluoa

Asia Boroa-bochabela e tloaetse likoluoa ​​​​tsa jeoloji 'me ke sebaka se ka sehloohong se amehileng ka phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.

• Maemo a Kopo:
  • Tlhokomelo ea Setsi sa Tlhoekiso ea Lithōle le Metsi a Litšila: Ho beha leihlo phepelo ea methane le mesi ho thibela likotsi tsa ho phatloha le ho fana ka datha bakeng sa ho khutlisa khase le merero ea ho fehla motlakase. Hape ho beha leihlo likhase tse nkhang hamonate joalo ka hydrogen sulfide ho fokotsa tšusumetso ho sechaba se haufi.
  • Tlhokomelo ea Ketsahalo ea Seretse se chesang: Linaheng tse nang le seretse se chesang joalo ka Indonesia le Philippines, bo-rasaense ba sebelisa lisensara tsa sulfur dioxide (SO₂) ho potoloha libaka tse foqohang seretse se chesang. Keketseho ea likhase tsa SO₂ hangata e bontša ho eketseha ha seretse se chesang, ho fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa litemoso tsa ho foqoha ha seretse.
  • Tlhokomeliso ea Pele ea Moruo oa Moruo: Ho romela li-sensar tsa carbon monoxide le mosi libakeng tsa meru ea peatland tsa Sumatra le Kalimantan, Indonesia, ho khona ho lemoha mollo o tukang pele ho hlaha malakabe a bonahalang, e leng se lumellang ho kenella hoa bohlokoa kapele.
• Lithuto-kholo:
  • The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) e thehile marang-rang a felletseng a ho lekola, ho kenyeletsoa lisensara tsa khase, ho potoloha libaka tse foqohang seretse se chesang joalo ka Mayon. Lintlha tsa nako ea sebele tsa SO₂ li ba thusa ho lekola boemo ba seretse se chesang ka nepo le ho ntša baahi ha ho hlokahala.
  • Setsi sa Naha sa Tikoloho sa Singapore (NEA) se sebelisa li-remote sensing le li-sensor tsa fatše ho lekola ka hloko tšilafalo ea moholi o tsoang linaheng tsa boahelani. Lisensara tsa khase (mohlala, bakeng sa CO le PM2.5) ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sala morao lipalangoang tsa moholi le ho lekola phello ea tsona.

Mathata le Mekhoa ea Kamoso

Leha ho na le ts'ebeliso e atileng, ho amoheloa ha li-sensor tsa khase Asia Boroa-bochabela ho tobane le liphephetso tse kang phello ea mocheso o phahameng le mongobo ho nako ea bophelo ea sensor le botsitso, khaello ea basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo bakeng sa tlhokomelo le ho lekanya, le tlhoko ea netefatso ea ho nepahala ha data ho tsoa ho li-sensor tse theko e tlase.

Ha re shebile pele, ka tsoelo-pele ea IoT, Big Data, le Artificial Intelligence (AI), lits'ebetso tsa sensor ea khase li tla teba haholoanyane:

• Data Fusion and Analysis: Ho kopanya boitsebiso ba sensara sa khase le mehloli e meng e kang boemo ba leholimo, sephethephethe, le lintlha tsa sathelaete, le ho sebelisa li-algorithms tsa AI bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bonohe (mohlala, ho lepa boemo ba moea kapa likotsi tsa ho se sebetse ha thepa ea indasteri).
• Tsoelo-pele ea Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo le Katoloso: Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji ea Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) e tla etsa hore li-sensor li theko e tlaase le tse nyenyane, li tsamaise ho amoheloa ka bongata metseng e bohlale le malapeng a bohlale.

Qetello

Sebakeng se matla sa Asia Boroa-bochabela, li-sensor tsa khase li fetohile lisebelisoa tse bonolo tsa ts'ireletso ea indasteri ho ba lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea temo le ho sireletsa tikoloho. Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele le maemo a ts'ebeliso a ntse a eketseha, "linko tsena tsa elektroniki" li tla lula e le bahlokomeli ba sa bonahaleng, ho fana ka motheo o tiileng oa data bakeng sa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea Asia Boroa-bochabela.