Kakaretso
Bothata ba phallo le sediment ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang ts'ebetso ea thomello le bophelo ba morero oa Three Gorges (TGP). Mekhoa e mengata e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mathata a phallo le litšila tsa TGP nakong ea pontšo, moralo, moralo, kaho le ts'ebetso, 'me ho fumanoe liphello tse ngata tsa bohlokoa. Ho utloisisa tsoelo-pele ea ho phalla le ho lekanya sediment mererong ea baemeli ba Chaena le phihlelo ea ho shebella sediment ka matamo a maholohali, ho phalla le ho lekanya sediment ea TGP ho hlahisoa haholo pampiring ena. E kenyelletsa boemo bo akaretsang ba TGP, kabo ea marang-rang a liteishene tsa hydrological, lintlha tsa ho lekanya, theknoloji e ncha ea ho metha, le liphetoho tsa sediment ka letamong le tlase ka mor'a ho kenngoa ha TGP. Liphetho tsa tekanyo ea sediment li bontša hore boemo ba motheo ba mathata a sediment bo botle, 'me mathata ana a sediment a ka' na a bokellana, a ntlafala, 'me a fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea, kahoo a lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo e sa khaotseng.
1 SELELEKELA
Projeke ya Three Gorges (TGP) ke morero o moholo ka ho fetisisa wa paballo ya metsi le o fehlwang ka metsi lefatsheng. Letamo le Sandouping, Yichang City, Profinseng ea Hubei, e leng moeli o arolang pakeng tsa molapo o bohareng le o ka holimo ho noka ea kutu ea Noka ea Yangtze. E laola sebaka sa drainage sa 1 milione km2, mme palo e tloaelehileng ea selemo le selemo ea phallo e fihla ho limilione tse 451,000 m3. Ka sebaka sa polokelo ea likhohola sa li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 22.15, morero ona o bapala karolo e kholo taolong ea likhohola sebakeng sa Noka ea Yangtze. Ka bophahamo bo tloaelehileng ba 175 m, kakaretso ea polokelo ea letamo ke 39,300 le 22,150 milione ea m3 ea eona ke matla a ho laola likhohola. Nts'etsopele ea TGP e shebane le ho thibela likhohola, phepelo ea motlakase le melemo ea lipalangoang tsa metsi. Hape e tla ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tikoloho. Ka nako eo, ho ile ha fanoa ka melemo e felletseng mabapi le taolo ea likhohola, tsamaiso ea likepe, phepelo ea motlakase le tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi.
E le karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea likhohola tse bohareng le tse tlase ho Noka ea Yangtze, TGP e laola 96% ea metsi a kenang Nokeng ea Jingjiang, e leng karolo e kotsi ka ho fetisisa ea noka nakong ea likhohola, le karolo e fetang peli ho tse tharo ea metsi a kenang Wuhan. TGP e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa haholo ho fokotsa dikgohola le ho fokotsa dikgohola tse matla hodimo ho Noka ya Yangtze. Qetellong ea Phato, letamo le ne le thibile metsi a 180 bilione ka linako tsa likhohola. E bone ho kena ha li-cubic metres tse fetang 70,000 motsotsoana ka 2010, 2012 le ho fokotsa litlhōrō tsa likhohola ka hoo e ka bang 40%, e leng ho fokotsa khatello ea taolo ea likhohola haholo libakeng tse tlaase. Nakong ea linako tsa komello, metsi a tsoang ho metsi a phahamisitsoe ho feta li-cubic metres tse 5500 ka motsotsoana, e leng se fanang ka metsi a fetang li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 20 ka selemo bakeng sa libaka tse bohareng le tse tlaase tsa Noka ea Yangtze.
Teko ea mohlala e etsoa ho sebeletsa lipatlisiso tsa sediment, kaho le ts'ebetso ea TGP ka nako e fapaneng. Litekanyo tsa prototype li ile tsa sebelisoa ho sekaseka phapang ea phallo ea metsi le sediment mocheng o moholo oa Noka ea Yangtze, hammoho le liphetoho le phetoho ea noka. Kabo ea libaka e bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1. Liphetho tsa hajoale tsa tlhokomeliso ha e le hantle li lumellana le mohato oa boithuto ba ho khonahala (Lu & Huang, 2013), empa ka lebaka la phokotso ea sediment e ka holimo le kaho ea matamo a phoroselang Nokeng ea Jinsha ka mor'a lilemo tsa bo-1990, sedimentation ea Three Gorges (TGR) sephetho se seholo ho feta pele ho letamo la TGR. matla le bohole ba khoholeho ea noka tlase ho TGP.
2 TSAMAISO LE TSAMAISO EA LITŠOANTŠISO TSA HYDROLOGIC
Ho bokella lintlha tsa mantlha le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso bakeng sa kaho ea boenjiniere ba libese, Komisi ea Mehloli ea Metsi ea Changjiang e thehile butle-butle palo e kholo ea liteishene tsa metsi haufi le noka e kholo le melapo ea Noka ea Yangtze ho tloha ka bo-1950. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho ne ho theiloe marang-rang a seteishene sa hydrological e felletseng le marang-rang a ho lekola sediment. E kenyelletsa liteishene tsa hydrological tse 118 le liteishene tse fetang 350 tsa ho lekanya. Ho feta moo, palo e kholo ea tlhahlobo ea noka le mosebetsi oa ho hlahloba sediment o phethiloe. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea hydrological le sediment tsa lilemo tse mashome tse fetileng tsa meloko e mengata li fane ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa pontšo, moralo, kaho le ts'ebetso ea TGP.
Teko ea mohlala e etsoa ho thusa lipatlisiso tsa sediment, kaho le ts'ebetso ea TGR ka nako e fapaneng. Kamora hore letamo le qale polokelo ea lona ka 2003, bothata ba sediment bo ile ba hlaha libakeng tse kaholimo le tse tlase, 'me tlhahlobo ea mohlala le lipatlisiso tse amanang le sediment li ile tsa etsoa ho sebeletsa ts'ebetso ea TGP ka kotloloho. Sepheo sa ho shebisisa se kenyeletsa lintlha tse latelang: Ho tseba litaba tsa morao-rao tsa boemo ba mocha oa tlhaho pele o koalloa ka ho feletseng; Ho etsa litšupiso bakeng sa qeto ea moralo oa instolmente; tlhokomelo ea nako ea sebele ea phapang ea khoholeho ea mobu le ho behoa libakeng tse ka holimo le tse tlaase ka mor'a ho koalloa, le ho fumana mathata, e le ho nka mehato ea ho loantša ka nako; ho netefatsa theknoloji ea ketsiso e amohetsoeng, le ho eketsa ts'epo ea ponelopele ea sediment ea TGP.
Lethathamo la tlhahlobo ea sediment sa hydrological sediment le kenyelletsa sebaka sa letamo, sebaka sa letamo le libaka tse tlase. Ho tloha ka 1949, ho ipapisitse le tekanyo ea nako e telele ea sediment, ponelopele ea likanale, lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso, lintlha tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo ea prototype le liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa tlhahlobo li 'nile tsa bokelloa, ka hona, ho fihlela tlhoko ea moralo, moralo le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale karolong ea tlhaloso. Mokhahlelo oa kaho ke oa nakoana ho atleha prophase, 'me nako eohle ea kaho ke 17a, kahoo hoa hlokahala ho tsoela pele ho hlokomela phapano ea phallo ea metsi, sediment, le boemo ba moeli. Sena ha se fane feela ka ho its'etleha bakeng sa moralo, lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, kaho le ts'ebetso, empa hape le bakeng sa netefatso le ntlafatso ea moralo le taolo.
Mabaka a ho lekola haholo a kenyelletsa hydrology, sediment, le sebaka sa kanale. Patlisiso ea sebaka sa liteishene haholo-holo ke ho fumana maemo a tloaelehileng a ho fetoha ha mocha sebakeng se tala, ho beoa ha sediment letamong, khoholeho ea mobu e tlase, le phetoho ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa kamora ho ts'oaroa ha TGP.
2 TSAMAISO LE TSAMAISO EA LITŠOANTŠISO TSA HYDROLOGIC
Ho bokella lintlha tsa mantlha le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso bakeng sa kaho ea boenjiniere ba libese, Komisi ea Mehloli ea Metsi ea Changjiang e thehile butle-butle palo e kholo ea liteishene tsa metsi haufi le noka e kholo le melapo ea Noka ea Yangtze ho tloha ka bo-1950. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho ne ho theiloe marang-rang a seteishene sa hydrological e felletseng le marang-rang a ho lekola sediment. E kenyelletsa liteishene tsa hydrological tse 118 le liteishene tse fetang 350 tsa ho lekanya. Ho feta moo, palo e kholo ea tlhahlobo ea noka le mosebetsi oa ho hlahloba sediment o phethiloe. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea hydrological le sediment tsa lilemo tse mashome tse fetileng tsa meloko e mengata li fane ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa pontšo, moralo, kaho le ts'ebetso ea TGP.
Teko ea mohlala e etsoa ho thusa lipatlisiso tsa sediment, kaho le ts'ebetso ea TGR ka nako e fapaneng. Kamora hore letamo le qale polokelo ea lona ka 2003, bothata ba sediment bo ile ba hlaha libakeng tse kaholimo le tse tlase, 'me tlhahlobo ea mohlala le lipatlisiso tse amanang le sediment li ile tsa etsoa ho sebeletsa ts'ebetso ea TGP ka kotloloho. Sepheo sa ho shebisisa se kenyeletsa lintlha tse latelang: Ho tseba litaba tsa morao-rao tsa boemo ba mocha oa tlhaho pele o koalloa ka ho feletseng; Ho etsa litšupiso bakeng sa qeto ea moralo oa instolmente; tlhokomelo ea nako ea sebele ea phapang ea khoholeho ea mobu le ho behoa libakeng tse ka holimo le tse tlaase ka mor'a ho koalloa, le ho fumana mathata, e le ho nka mehato ea ho loantša ka nako; ho netefatsa theknoloji ea ketsiso e amohetsoeng, le ho eketsa ts'epo ea ponelopele ea sediment ea TGP.
Lethathamo la tlhahlobo ea sediment sa hydrological sediment le kenyelletsa sebaka sa letamo, sebaka sa letamo le libaka tse tlase. Ho tloha ka 1949, ho ipapisitse le tekanyo ea nako e telele ea sediment, ponelopele ea likanale, lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso, lintlha tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo ea prototype le liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa tlhahlobo li 'nile tsa bokelloa, ka hona, ho fihlela tlhoko ea moralo, moralo le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale karolong ea tlhaloso. Mokhahlelo oa kaho ke oa nakoana ho atleha prophase, 'me nako eohle ea kaho ke 17a, kahoo hoa hlokahala ho tsoela pele ho hlokomela phapano ea phallo ea metsi, sediment, le boemo ba moeli. Sena ha se fane feela ka ho its'etleha bakeng sa moralo, lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, kaho le ts'ebetso, empa hape le bakeng sa netefatso le ntlafatso ea moralo le taolo.
Mabaka a ho lekola haholo a kenyelletsa hydrology, sediment, le sebaka sa kanale. Patlisiso ea sebaka sa liteishene haholo-holo ke ho fumana maemo a tloaelehileng a ho fetoha ha mocha sebakeng se tala, ho beoa ha sediment letamong, khoholeho ea mobu e tlase, le phetoho ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa kamora ho ts'oaroa ha TGP.
Sensor ea lebelo la phallo ea metsi a radar bakeng sa maemo a kang DAMS, liteishene tse bulehileng, le marang-rang a liphaephe tse ka tlas'a lefatše, e ka lekola data ka nako ea nnete.
Nako ea poso: Nov-04-2024