Mehleng ena ea lidar, li-satellite tsa boemo ba leholimo, le mehlala ea ho bolela esale pele ea AI, sesebelisoa se bonolo sa mechini—libakete tse peli tse nyane tsa polasetiki le lever—e ntse e le mohloli oa lintlha tsa pula bakeng sa 95% ea liteishene tsa boemo ba leholimo tse iketsang lefatšeng. Ke bopaki ba bonolo ba boenjiniere le ho kenngoa ha demokrasi saenseng ea boemo ba leholimo.
Lefa le Tsoang ho Florence Beats Hona Joale
Ka 1822, setsebi sa linaleli sa Leborithane George Symons se ile sa qapa tekanyo ea pele ea pula ea bakete e sebetsang Florence.
Ho tiea ha mechine le molao-motheo o bonaletsang oa tekanyo ea pula ea nkho e etsang hore e se ke ea nkeloa sebaka ke tekanyo ea pula ea tekanyetso.
Karolo ea 1: Moralo o sa Feleng - Hobaneng Bonolo e le Boqapi bo Felletseng
1.1 Molao-motheo oa Motheo oa Mekaniki: Motjeko o Hlomphehang oa 'Mele
Ts'ebetso ena ke motjeko o hlophisitsoeng oa fisiks:
1: Moralo o sa Feleng – Hobaneng Bonolo e le Boqapi bo Felletseng
1.1 Molao-motheo oa Motheo oa Mekaniki: Motjeko o Hlomphehang oa 'Mele
Ts'ebetso ena ke motjeko o hlophisitsoeng oa fisiks:
- Pokello: Metsi a pula a kena ka ferene e tloaelehileng.
- Seta botjha: Bakete e fapaneng e kena sebakeng sa yona, e loketse potoloho e latelang.
Ts'ebetso ena ha e le hantle e fetola bophahamo ba mokelikeli o tsoelang pele hore e be dijithale ka dijithale hore e be di-pulse tse balwang, e leng se e fang monyetla wa tlhaho bakeng sa ho boloka data ka boiketsetso.
| Paramethara | Bakete e Tloaelehileng ea ho Tšoaea | Disdrometer ea Optical | Khakanyo ea Pula ea Radar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qeto | 0.1 mm | 0.01 mm | 0.5-1 mm |
| Ho nepahala (ka tekanyo ea metsotso) | ± 3% | ± 5% | ± 20-50% |
| Tshebetso ea Pula e Matla | E ntle haholo (<150 mm/h) | E itekanetseng (e sekametse ho tlala) | E feto-fetohang |
| Nako ea Tlhokomelo | Likhoeli tse 6-12 | Likhoeli tse 3-6 | Ho hlokahala tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele |
| Litšenyehelo tsa Yuniti | $200 – $1,000 | $2,000 – $5,000 | Litšenyehelo tsa boemo ba sistimi |
2: Marangrang a Lefatshe – Dikarolwana tse Kgolo tsa Dintlha tsa Tlelaemete
2.1 Mokokotlo oa Marangrang a Naha
USA: Marangrang a Pula, Sefako le Lehloa a Kopanetsoeng ke Sechaba (CoCoRaHS) a ithorisa ka baithaopi ba fetang 20,000 ba sebelisang litekanyo tse tloaelehileng, 'me data e fepeloa ka kotloloho ho Tšebeletso ea Naha ea Boemo ba Leholimo.
Yuropa: Projeke ea WMO ea SPICE e sebelisitse litekanyo tsa referense ho pholletsa le linaha tse 15 ho kopanya maemo a ho lekanya.
Japane: Liteishene tse 1,300 tsa Tsamaiso ea ho Fumana Lintlha tsa Boemo ba Leholimo tse Iketsetsang (AMeDAS) li sebelisa litekanyo tsa libakete tse futhumetseng ho lekanya pula le metsi a lehloa.
2.2 Litšebeliso tsa Bohlokoa
- Ho Bolela Esale Pele ka Moroallo: Sistimi ea temoso ea likhohola ea Thames Barrier e itšetlehile ka marang-rang a teteaneng a litekanyo tsa libakete tse holimo, tse fanang ka lihora tse 2-6 tsa nako ea ho etella pele.
- Temo e Nepahetseng: Mapolasi a Central Valley a California a sebelisa lintlha tsa gauge ho ntlafatsa nosetso, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi ka 25-40%.
- Thuto ea Metsi ea Metseng: “Morero oa Tsamaiso ea Cloudburst” oa Copenhagen o sebelisa litekanyo tse 300 bakeng sa ho beha leihlo matla a pula ka nako ea sebele.
- Patlisiso ea Tlelaemete: Lilemo tse mashome a tšeletseng tsa data e tsoelang pele ho tsoa liteisheneng tsa Alpine Switzerland ke bopaki ba mantlha ba ho ithuta liphetoho tsa mekhoa ea pula.
3: Liphephetso tsa Sejoale-joale le Meeli ea Boiqapelo
3.1 Liphoso le Litokiso tse Tsejoang
Lipatlisiso tsa sejoale-joale li lekantse le ho nts'etsapele litokiso bakeng sa mehloli ea liphoso tsa setso:
- Ho se Tshwarwe Hantle ke Moya: Bokgoni bo theoha ka 10-20% meyeng e fetang 5 m/s (e ntlafaditswe ka dithibelo tsa moya).
- Tahlehelo ea mouoane: E ka baka ho se lekane ha 1-3% maemong a leholimo a chesang (e fokotsoa ke masela a khethehileng).
- Pula e Matla a Phahameng: Nako ea ho phetla libakete e fetoha ntlha e lekanyetsoang ka holimo ho 150 mm/h (e sebetsanoang le litsamaiso tsa libakete tse peli).
3.2 Mekhoa e Mecha ea ho Itlhahisa ka Thepa le Tlhahiso
- Khatiso ea 3D: Merero ea mohloli o bulehileng joalo ka "OpenRain" e fana ka likarolo tse ka hatisoang, e fokotsa litšenyehelo ho fihlela ka tlase ho $20.
- Lisebelisoa tse Tsoetseng Pele: Libakete tsa polymer tse matlafalitsoeng ka khabone li fokotsa katoloso ea mocheso, li fokotsa ho hoholeha ho amanang le mocheso.
- Liaparo tsa ho Itlhoekisa: Liaparo tsa nano-scale hydrophobic li fokotsa lerōle le litšila tsa baeloji, li eketsa potoloho ea tlhokomelo.
3.3 Kopanyo le IoT le AI
- Bohlale ba Edge: Mefuta e mecha e kenyelletsa di-microprocessor ho tsamaisa di-algorithms tsa ho lemoha ho se tshwane ha sebaka.
- Tekanyo ea Marang-rang: Li-algorithms li sebelisa lipalo tse tsoang ho li-gauge tse ngata sebakeng ho tšoaea ka bohona lisebelisoa tse hlokang tšebeletso.
- Ho Kopanngoa ha Lintlha tse Fumanoeng ke Batho ba Bangata: Likhamphani tse kang ClimaCell li kopanya lintlha tse tsoang ho likete tsa litekanyo tse theko e tlase ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha mohlala oa ponelopele.
4: Tekanyo ea Sechaba le Botekgeniki – Ho Etsa Saense ea Tlelaemete e be ea Demokerasi
4.1 Mokhatlo oa Saense oa Baahi
- Thuto: Likolo tse likete lefatšeng ka bophara li sebelisa ho kopanya le ho kenya li-gauge e le projeke ea STEM.
- Matlafatso ea Sechaba: Lenaneo la Afrika la “Farmer Weathermen” le koetlisa baahi ba moo ho sebelisa litekanyo tse bonolo bakeng sa liqeto tsa ho lema.
- Demokrasi ea Lintlha: Li-platform tsa hardware/software tse bulehileng li lumella batho ka bomong ho kenya letsoho ho data marangrang a lefats'e.
4.2 Moruo le Phihlello
- Phetoho ea Litšenyehelo: Tlhahiso e kholo e fokolitse litšenyehelo tsa mojule oa mantlha ho tloha ho $500 ho ea ho hoo e ka bang $50.
- Tšusumetso ea Lefatše Boroa: Lefapha la boemo ba leholimo la India le ekelitse bongata ba liteishene tsa boemo ba leholimo ka makhetlo a mahlano ka ho sebelisa marang-rang a libakete tsa ho lahla lintho tse theko e tlase.
Qetello
Tekanyo ea pula ea nkho e nang le metsi ke sebopeho sa motheo se hokahanyang potoloho ea metsi ea Lefatše le kutloisiso ea batho, lejoe la motheo la saense ea tlelaemete e laoloang ke demokrasi, le bopaki bo tšepahalang ha re ntse re tobane le bokamoso bo sa tsitsang hammoho.
Sete e felletseng ea li-server le module ea waelese ea software, e tšehetsa RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-23-2025