Saudi Arabia, e leng setsi sa matla a lefats'e ka bophara le moruo o fetohang ka mafolofolo tlas'a morero oa eona oa "Vision 2030", e beha khatiso e sa tloaelehang holim'a polokeho, katleho ea ts'ebetso le tšireletso ea tikoloho ka har'a makala a eona a indasteri. Moelelong ona, li-sensor tsa khase li sebetsa e le theknoloji ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, netefatso ea polokeho le taolo ea ts'ebetso. Tokomane ena e fana ka tlhahlobo e tebileng ea linyeoe tsa ts'ebeliso le maemo a itseng bakeng sa li-sensor tsa khase ho pholletsa le liindasteri tsa bohlokoa Saudi Arabia.
I. Bakhanni ba Bohlokoa ba Kopo
- Polokeho Pele: Liindasteri tse kholo tsa oli, khase le peterole tsa Saudi Arabia li sebetsana le likhase tse ngata tse tukang, tse phatlohang le tse chefo. Ho lutla ha khase ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e bakang mollo, ho phatloha le chefo ea basebetsi. Tlhokomelo ea khase ea nako ea sebele le e nepahetseng ke thuso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela likoluoa.
- Ho Latela Tikoloho: Ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntseng ho hola lefatsheng ka bophara mabapi le botsitso, Lefapha la Tikoloho, Metsi le Temo la Saudi (MEWA) le kentse tshebetsong maemo a thata a ho ntsha mosi. Disensara tsa kgase ke disebediswa tsa bohlokwa bakeng sa ho lekola dikgase tse futhumatsang lefatshe (mohlala, CH₄), ditshila tse chefo (mohlala, SO₂, NOx), le Metswako ya Organic e Fetohang (VOCs) ho netefatsa ho latela melao.
- Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso le Tšireletso ea Thepa: Ts'ebetsong ea indasteri, ho bokellana ha likhase tse itseng ho ama ka kotloloho katleho le boleng ba sehlahisoa. Ho feta moo, likhase tse senyang tse kang Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) li ka baka tšenyo e kholo liphaepheng le lisebelisoa. Ho beha leihlo likhase tsena ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso, ho atolosa bophelo ba thepa, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo.
- Bophelo bo Botle Mosebetsing: Libakeng tse koaletsoeng (mohlala, mechine ea ho cheka, litanka tsa polokelo, lifeme tsa metsi a litšila), khaello ea oksijene kapa ho bokellana ha likhase tse kotsi ho baka kotsi e bolaeang ho basebetsi. Li-sensor tsa khase tse nkehang habobebe le tse tsitsitseng li fana ka temoso ea bohlokoa esale pele.
II. Maemo a Bohlokoa a Ts'ebeliso ea Liindasteri le Lithuto tsa Nyeoe
1. Indasteri ea Oli le Khase
Ena ke lefapha le pharaletseng le le hlokang boiteko bo boholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sensor ea khase Saudi Arabia.
- Phuputso le Tlhahiso e Phahameng:
- Boemo: Metjhini ea ho cheka, lithapo tsa liliba, libaka tsa ho bokella.
- Likhase tse Behiloeng Leihlo: Likhase tse tukang (LEL – Moeli o Tlase oa ho Qhoma), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Oxygen (O₂).
- Thuto ea Nyeoe: Tšimong ea oli ea Ghawar Profinseng e ka Bochabela, ho kentsoe li-detector tse likete tsa khase tse tsitsitseng lihlopheng tsa liliba le liphaepheng, e leng se etsang marang-rang a ho lekola a teteaneng. Haeba ho lutla ha methane (CH₄) ho fumanoa kaholimo ho moeli o behiloeng esale pele (hangata 20-25% LEL), sistimi e qala hang-hang lialamo tse utloahalang le tse bonahalang, e kenya tšebetsong sistimi ea Emergency Shutdown (ESD) ka bo eona ho arola ho lutla, 'me e fetisetsa data kamoreng e bohareng ea taolo bakeng sa karabelo ea tšohanyetso. Ho lekola H₂S e chefo haholo ho hloka ho nepahala ho feteletseng (hangata maemong a ppm) ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi.
- Ho Hloekisa Bohareng le Tlase:
- Boemo: Libaka tsa ho hloekisa, lifeme tsa petrochemical, liphaephe, libaka tsa tanka ea polokelo.
- Likhase tse Behiloeng Leihlo: Ntle le tse boletsoeng ka holimo, Metsoako ea Lintho tse Hloekileng (VOCs) (mohlala, Benzene, Toluene), Ammonia (NH₃), le Chlorine (Cl₂) lia beoa leihlo.
- Thuto ea Nyeoe: Ka har'a lik'hemik'hale tse kholo tsa peterole Jubail kapa Yanbu, litsamaiso tsa ho lekola khase tse nang le maemo a mangata li sebelisoa ho potoloha li-catalytic peaking le li-hydrotreating units. Mohlala, mapolasing a litanka, li-sensor tsa Open-Path Infrared (IR) li theha "terata ea elektroniki" e sa bonahaleng ho lemoha mesi e mengata e balehang ea VOC, ho thibela sepakapaka se phatlohang le ho netefatsa ho latela melao ea tikoloho. Moeling oa fektheri, bahlahlobi ba SO₂ ba fana ka lintlha tse tsoelang pele tsa mesi ho netefatsa ho latela melao ea MEWA.
2. Lisebelisoa le Tlhahiso ea Motlakase
- Boemo: Litsi tsa motlakase (haholo-holo libaka tsa turbine ea khase), liteishene tse nyenyane, litsi tsa phekolo ea metsi a litšila.
- Likhase tse Behiloeng Leihlo: Likhase tse tukang (CH₄), Haedrojene (H₂) (bakeng sa ho pholisa jenereithara), Ozone (O₃), Chlorine (Cl₂) (bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) (e hlahisoang ka har'a likhoerekhoere le lits'ebetsong tsa kalafo).
- Thuto ea Nyeoe: Setsing se seholo sa motlakase Riyadh, li-sensor tsa catalytic bead kapa IR li sebelisoa haholo ho beha leihlo ho lutla ha methane liholong tsa turbine le liteisheneng tse laolang khase ea tlhaho. Ho sa le joalo, lithaneleng tsa cable le likamoreng tse ka tlas'a lefatše, li-detector tse tsitsitseng li thibela ho phatloha ho tsoang likhase tse tukang tse hlahisoang ke ho chesa haholo ha lisebelisoa tsa motlakase. Setsing sa metsi a litšila se haufi, basebetsi ba tlameha ho sebelisa li-detector tse nkehang habonolo tsa khase e ngata ho hlahloba maemo a sireletsehileng a O₂, LEL, H₂S, le CO pele ba kena libakeng tse koetsoeng joalo ka litanka tsa sedimentation, ba latela ka tieo mekhoa ea ho kena.
3. Meaho le Meralo ea Motheo ea Litoropo
- Boemo: Likaraje tsa ho paka makoloi, lithanele, mabenkele a maholo, lilaboratori tsa lipetlele.
- Likhase tse Behiloeng Leihlo: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) (haholo-holo e tsoang mosi oa koloi).
- Thuto ea Nyeoe: Libakeng tse kholo tsa ho paka makoloi ka tlas'a lefatše Riyadh kapa Jeddah, litsamaiso tsa moea hangata li hokahane le li-sensor tsa CO. Ha maemo a phahama ho fihlela boemong bo reriloeng esale pele (mohlala, 50 ppm), li-sensor li kenya lifene tsa mosi ka boiketsetso ho tlisa moea o hloekileng ho fihlela maemo a sireletsehileng a khutlisoa, ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba bareki le basebetsi.
4. Merafo le Tšepe
- Boemo: Merafo ea phosphate, merafo ea khauta, li-smelting.
- Likhase tse Behiloeng Leihlo: Ntle le likhase tse tloaelehileng tse chefo le tse tukang, likhase tse ikhethileng tse kang Phosphine (PH₃) le Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) li hloka ho beoa leihlo.
- Thuto ea Nyeoe: Motseng oa indasteri oa Wa'ad Al-Shamal phosphate, mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea manyolo o ka hlahisa PH₃. Li-sensor tsa PH₃ tsa electrochemical kapa semiconductor tse inehetseng tse kentsoeng libakeng tsa ts'ebetso le libakeng tsa polokelo li fana ka tlhahlobo ea ho lutla kapele, e thibelang ho pepesehela basebetsi.
III. Mekhoa ea Theknoloji le Tebello ea Bokamoso
Litšebeliso tsa ho lemoha khase Saudi Arabia li ntse li fetoha ho ea bohlaleng bo boholo le kopanyong:
- IoT le Digitalization: Disensor di fetoha ho tloha ho diyuniti tsa alamo tse ikemetseng ho ya ho dinode tsa data tse hokahantsweng ka marangrang. Ka ho sebedisa mahlale a se nang mohala jwalo ka LoRaWAN le 4G/5G, data e fetisetswa ka nako ya sebele ho di-platform tsa maru bakeng sa ho lekola hole, tlhahlobo ya data e kgolo, le tlhokomelo ya ponelopele.
- Tlhahlobo ea UAV le Robotic: Libakeng tse kholo kapa tse kotsi (mohlala, liphaephe tse hole, li-stack tse telele), li-drone tse nang le li-sensor tse kang li-laser methane detector li etsa liteko tse sebetsang hantle le tse sireletsehileng, li supa kapele libaka tse lutlang.
- Mekhoa e Tsoetseng Pele ea ho Sensing: Mekhoa e metle le e khethiloeng ea theknoloji e kang Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) le Photoionization Detectors (PID bakeng sa VOCs) e ntse e sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng ho fihlela maemo a thata a tikoloho le polokeho.
- Kopanyo ea AI: Li-algorithms tsa AI li ka sekaseka mekhoa ea data ea sensor ho khetholla litšokelo tsa 'nete ho tsoa ho li-alamu tsa bohata (mohlala, li-alamu tse bakoang ke mosi oa diesel) le ho bolela esale pele ho hloleha ha lisebelisoa kapa mekhoa ea ho lutla.
Qetello
Tlas'a "Pono ea 2030" ea Saudi Arabia, e susumetsang ho fapana ha moruo le ntlafatso ea indasteri, li-sensor tsa khase li fetohile bahlokomeli ba bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho ea liindasteri tsa eona tsa mantlha le ho fihlella nts'etsopele e tala le e tsitsitseng. Ho tloha masimong a maholo a oli ho ea metseng ea sejoale-joale, balebeli bana ba sa bonahaleng ba sebetsa lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi, matsatsi a supileng ...
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