Li-sensor tsa khase, e le likarolo tsa mantlha tsa temoho ea tikoloho le tiisetso ea polokeho, li kenelletse ka botebo sekhutlong se seng le se seng sa sechaba sa sejoale-joale. Liphuputso tse latelang tsa machaba li bontša kamoo lisensara tsa khase li bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa indastering, bophelo ba litoropong, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa bareki.
Taba ea 1: United States - Tlhokomelo ea Khase e Chefo le e Chesang Libakeng tsa Liindasteri
Ka morao:
Liindasteri tsa US, tse kang oli le khase, lik'hemik'hale le tlhahiso, li sebetsa tlas'a melao e thata ea tšireletso le bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi (mohlala, litekanyetso tsa OSHA). Tlhokomelo e sa khaotseng e bohlokoa libakeng tse koaletsoeng kapa tse koaletsoeng moo ho ka bang le ho lutla ha likhase tse tukang kapa tse chefo.
Sesebelisoa le Tharollo:
Sistimi e tsitsitseng ea ho bona khase le lisebelisoa tse nkehang tsa khase li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tsa indasteri joalo ka lifeme, lihloekisi le litsi tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila.
- Lisebelisoa tsena li kopanya li-sensor tse khethehileng ho likhase tse itseng, tse kang: li-electrochemical sensors (bakeng sa likhase tse chefo tse kang carbon monoxide le hydrogen sulfide), li-Catalytic bead sensors (bakeng sa likhase tse tukang tse kang methane le propane), le li-Infrared sensors (bakeng sa carbon dioxide).
- Li-detectors tse tsitsitseng li kenngoa libakeng tse ka sehloohong tsa kotsi 'me li hokahane le tsamaiso e bohareng ea taolo. Haeba khatello ea khase e feta moeli o sireletsehileng, hang-hang e hlahisa lialamo tse utloahalang le tse bonoang 'me li ka kenya tšebetsong mehato ea phokotso joalo ka moea.
- Basebetsi ba tlameha ho sebelisa li-detectors tse nkehang habobebe bakeng sa ho kena pele le ho beha leihlo nako le nako pele ba kena libakeng tse koaletsoeng.
Liphetho:
- E netefatsa Tšireletseho ea Basebetsi: E thibela haholo chefo ea basebetsi, ho felloa ke moea, kapa liketsahalo tsa ho phatloha ho bakoang ke ho lutla ha khase.
- Melao ea Melao: E thusa lik'hamphani ho latela melao e thata ea tšireletso le bophelo bo botle mosebetsing, ho qoba likotlo tse boima le likotsi tsa molao.
- E Ntlafatsa Karabelo ea Tšohanyetso: Lintlha tsa nako ea 'nete li lumella lihlopha tsa polokeho ho fumana kapele mohloli oa ho lutla le ho nka khato.
Taba ea 2: European Union - Urban Air Quality Monitoring Networks
Ka morao:
Tlas'a EU's Ambient Air Quality Directive, linaha tseo e leng litho li tlameha ho theha marang-rang a teteaneng a ho lekola boleng ba moea libakeng tsa litoropo ho rarolla tšilafalo e bakoang ke mesi ea sephethephethe le indasteri, haholo-holo PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, le ozone.
Sesebelisoa le Tharollo:
Litoropo tse ngata tsa Europe, joalo ka London le Paris, li kentse marang-rang a nyalisitsoeng a kenyelletsang liteishene tsa tlhahlobo ea boemo ba litšupiso le li-micro-sensor node tse theko e tlase.
- Liteishene tsa boemo ba litšupiso li sebelisa li-analyzer tse nepahetseng haholo joalo ka Optical Particle Counters, Chemiluminescence analyzers (bakeng sa nitrogen oxides), le UV Absorption analyzers (bakeng sa ozone) ho fana ka data ea semmuso, e sirelelitsoeng ka molao.
- Li-micro-sensor node li ajoa ka bongata holim'a thepa ea seterateng, litšepe tsa mabone kapa libese, ho sebelisoa li-sensor tsa Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) le li-optical particle sensors ho fana ka limmapa tse phahameng tsa tšilafalo ea sebaka.
- Lintlha tse tsoang ho li-sensor tsena li kopantsoe ka li-platform tsa IoT mme li phatlalatsoa sechabeng ka nako ea nnete.
Liphetho:
- 'Mapa o qaqileng oa tšilafalo: E thusa mebuso le baahi ho utloisisa mehloli, kabo, le matla a ts'ilafalo, e ts'ehetsang liqeto tsa tikoloho.
- E Khothalletsa Liketso tsa Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba: Index ea Nako ea 'Nete ea Boleng ba Moea (AQI) e lemosa lihlopha tse hlokolosi (mohlala, bakuli ba asthma) ho nka mehato ea tšireletso.
- E Lekola Katleho ea Leano: E sebelisoa ho lekola phello ea maano a tikoloho joalo ka Libaka tse Tlase tsa Phallo le lithibelo tsa sephethephethe.
Taba ea 3: Japane - Polokeho ea Khase Matlo a Bohlale le Meahong
Ka morao:
Naheng ea Japane, naha e nang le tšisinyeho ea lefatše le e nang le baahi ba bangata, ho thibela mollo le ho phatloha ho bakoang ke ho lutla ha khase ke ntho e tlang pele bakeng sa polokeho ea matlo le khoebo. Ho feta moo, ho ameha ka moea oa ka tlung ho fetohile karolo ea bophelo bo botle.
Sesebelisoa le Tharollo:
- Tšireletseho ea Khase: Ho kengoa li-sensor tsa khase tse tukang (hangata ho sebelisoa tekhenoloji ea catalytic bead kapa semiconductor) ke ntho e tlamang malapeng le lifoleteng tsohle tsa Majapane ho bona ho lutla ha khase ea toropo kapa LPG. Hangata li hokahane le li-valve tsa ho koala ha khase ka tšohanyetso, tse emisang phallo ea khase ha li fumanoa.
- Boleng ba Moea o ka Hare: Libakeng tsa bolulo tsa maemo a holimo, liofising le likolong, lisensara tsa carbon dioxide (tseo hangata li sebelisang theknoloji ea Non-Dispersive Infrared) li sebetsa e le "boko" bakeng sa tsamaiso ea moea. Ha maemo a phahameng a CO₂ a bonoa, sistimi e sebetsa ka bo eona ho hlahisa moea o hloekileng, ho boloka tikoloho e ntle le e phetseng hantle ea kahare.
- Tlhokomeliso ea Mollo: Lintho tse lemohang mosi oa photoelectric hangata li kopanya lisensara tsa carbon monoxide ho fana ka litemoso tsa pejana le tse nepahetseng haholoanyane tsa mello e kubellang.
Liphetho:
- Tšireletseho ea Lapeng e Ntlafetseng Haholo: E fokotsa haholo likotsi tse bakoang ke ho lutla ha khase.
- Phefumoloho e Ts'oarehang ka Matla: Maano a moea a thehiloeng tlhokahalong a fokotsa haholo tšebeliso ea matla ea moaho ha e bapisoa le ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele.
- E Theha Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa Ka hare: Ka katleho e fokotsa kotsi ea "Sick Building Syndrome" 'me e ntlafatsa matšeliso ho baahi le basebetsi.
Taba ea 4: Jeremane - Mokhoa oa Liindasteri le Tlhokomelo ea Phallo
Ka morao:
Jeremane e na le setsi se matla sa indasteri 'me se latela melao e thata ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea EU. Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea maemo a khase lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tuka, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, le ho netefatsa ho tsoa ho lumellanang le maemo.
Sesebelisoa le Tharollo:
- Taolo ea Ts'ebetso: Ts'ebetsong ea ho tuka (mohlala, li-boilers, libopi), li-sensor tsa oksijene tsa zirconia li sebelisoa ho lekola boemo ba oksijene khase ea flue ka nako ea nnete. Sena se lumella taolo e nepahetseng ea karo-karolelano ea mafura-moea, ho netefatsa hore ho chesa ka ho feletseng le ho boloka matla.
- Tlhokomelo ea Mosi: Mekhoa e Tsoelang Pele ea Tlhokomelo ea Phallo e kentsoeng holim'a mekotla ea mosi le liphaephe tsa mosi. Litsamaiso tsena li kopanya li-analyzer tse fapaneng tse nepahetseng haholo, tse kang Non-Dispersive Infrared sensors (bakeng sa CO, CO₂), Chemiluminescence analyzers (bakeng sa NOx), le UV Fluorescence analyzers (bakeng sa SO₂), ho fana ka tekanyo e sa sitisoeng le ho rekota likhatiso tse silafetseng bakeng sa tlaleho ea ho lumellana.
Liphetho:
- Ntlafatso ea Matla a Matla le Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo: Ka kotloloho e fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tuka.
- E netefatsa Tumellano ea Taolo: E fana ka lintlha tse nepahetseng, tse ke keng tsa fetoloa, ho netefatsa hore lik'hamphani li kopana le melao ea tikoloho le ho qoba likotlo.
- E ts'ehetsa Boitlamo ba Tikoloho: E fana ka ts'ehetso ea data bakeng sa tlaleho ea ts'ebetso ea khoebo.
Qetello
Ho tloha ts'ireletseho ea indasteri ho US ho ea moeeng oa litoropong tsa EU, le ho tloha malapeng a bohlale a Japane ho ea ho ntlafatso ea mekhoa ea indasteri Jeremane, linyeoe tsena li bontša ka ho hlaka hore theknoloji ea khase ea khase e fetohile lejoe la motheo la ho netefatsa polokeho ea sechaba, ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo, le ho finyella bohlale ba indasteri le phetoho e tala. Ha mahlale a IoT le AI a ntse a tsoela pele ho kopana, lits'ebetso tsa bona li tla hlalefa le ho feta hohle.
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Nako ea poso: Oct-09-2025